A diabetes diagnosis is frightening, but with good control you can live many years without complications. The key is knowing your numbers, knowing what to do in an emergency and keeping up with checkups. This guide covers the essentials in plain language.
Which numbers should I know?
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) sets general goals for many adults. Your medical team may adjust them for your age and health.
| Measurement | General goal |
|---|---|
| Hemoglobin A1C | Below 7% |
| Glucose before meals | 80 to 130 mg/dL |
| Glucose 1 to 2 hours after meals | Below 180 mg/dL |
| Blood pressure | Below 130/80 |
What do I do if my blood sugar drops too low?
If your glucose is below 70 mg/dL or you feel shaky, sweaty, dizzy or confused, use the 15-15 rule:
- Eat or drink 15 grams of fast sugar: half a glass of juice or regular soda, or 3 to 4 glucose tablets.
- Wait 15 minutes and check again.
- If it is still below 70, repeat. Once it rises, eat something with protein if your next meal is a while away.
If the person cannot swallow or passes out, call 911.
What if my blood sugar is very high?
Extreme thirst, frequent urination, blurry vision and fatigue are signs of high blood sugar. Go to the emergency room if there is also vomiting, stomach pain, fast breathing or fruity-smelling breath, because it can be a serious complication.
Checkups you should not skip
- A1C: every 3 months if you are not at goal; every 6 if stable.
- Feet: check them yourself every day and have the medical team examine them at each visit.
- Eyes: a retinal exam once a year.
- Kidneys: urine and blood tests at least once a year.
- Cholesterol: a lipid panel as recommended.
Habits that help
- Use the plate method: half vegetables, a quarter protein and a quarter carbohydrates.
- Walk 30 minutes most days.
- Swap soda and juice for water.
- Take your medications at the same time and do not stop them without asking.
Diabetes care at Clínica Hispana Mangum
We follow up on diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol with blood tests and urine tests, no appointment needed. We are at 2912 Mangum Rd, Suite A, every day from 9 AM to 9 PM. Call (832) 834-5507.
Sources: ADA: Blood glucose targets · ADA: Hypoglycemia · CDC: Diabetes care
